Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria quickly became a cultural and intellectual beacon of the ancient world. It was home to the legendary Library of Alexandria, which housed countless scrolls and was regarded as the most important center for learning in antiquity. Although the library no longer exists, the city retains its scholarly spirit, evident in institutions such as the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern tribute to the original library.
The city was also the setting for many pivotal moments in ancient history, including the romance of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar. For centuries, Alexandria stood at the crossroads of civilization, drawing influences from Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and later Arab cultures, making it a cosmopolitan hub that still shines today.
Must-Visit Attractions in Alexandria
Alexandria offers a variety of attractions that cater to every type of traveler—history enthusiasts, beach lovers, and adventurers alike. Some of the must-see sites include:
1. Bibliotheca Alexandrina
A breathtaking architectural wonder, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina was opened in 2002 as a modern revival of the ancient library. With its vast collection of books, research centers, and cultural exhibits, it’s a haven for knowledge seekers. The building itself, with its slanted glass roof and granite walls inscribed with ancient scripts, is a work of art.
2. The Citadel of Qaitbay
Built in the 15th century on the site of the ancient **Pharos Lighthouse** (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), the Citadel of Qaitbay stands majestically overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Visitors can walk through its stone corridors, explore its turrets, and enjoy sweeping views of the harbor.
3. Kom El Shoqafa Catacombs
Considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages, the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are an intricate underground burial site that dates back to the 2nd century AD. These tombs combine ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman influences, reflecting Alexandria’s multicultural heritage.
4. Montazah Palace and Gardens
For those seeking a peaceful retreat, Montazah Gardens offer lush greenery and scenic views of the Mediterranean. Once a royal summer palace, this sprawling complex is perfect for picnics, leisurely walks, or simply enjoying the serene landscape.
5. Pompey’s Pillar
This Roman triumphal column is a striking reminder of the city’s Roman past. It stands 30 meters tall, towering over the ancient ruins of a temple dedicated to Serapis. Pompey’s Pillar is a great stop for history buffs interested in Alexandria’s Roman era.